Memorize Important Constitutional Amendments

Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic.

Elementary Education was made a fundamental right – Free and compulsory education to children between 6 and 14 years

A new Fundamental Duty under Article 51 A was added – “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years”

Lok Sabha seats were increased from 525 to 545

To restore states' power to make their own OBC lists. Annulling Supreme Court judgement of 11 May 2021.

Constitutional Status was granted to  National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)

A new tenth Schedule was added providing for the anti-defection laws.

The President’s assent to Constitutional Amendment Bill was made compulsory

Union Territory of Delhi was given the special status of ‘National Capital Territory of Delhi.’

Co-operative Societies were granted constitutional status:

• Right to form cooperative societies made a fundamental right (Article 19)
• A new Directive Principle of State Policy ( Article 43-B) to promote cooperative societies
• A new part IX-B was added in the constitution for cooperative societies

Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42.

Urban local bodies were granted constitutional status

A new Part IX-A and 12th Schedule were added to the Indian Constitution

To pursue land boundary agreement 1974 between India and Bangladesh, exchange of some enclave territories with Bangladesh mentioned

It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies.

Removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.

Panchayati Raj institutions were given constitutional status.

A new Part-IX and 11th Schedule were added in the Indian Constitution to recognize Panchayati Raj Institutions and provisions related to them

Fundamental Right to Property was curtailed

The provision of having a  common High Court for two or more states was introduced

Goods and Service Tax (GST) was introduced.

The voting age was decreased from 21 to 18 for both Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies elections

It provides for 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for the economically weaker section in the unreserved category.

The Act amends Article 15 and 16 to provide for reservation based on economic backwardness.

Privy Purse and privileges of former rulers of princely states were abolished